NIZHNY NOVGOROD STATE PEDAGOGICAL UNIVERSITY

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Rate "CIVIL EDUCATION IN INITIAL CLASSES"

The rate "Civil education in initial classes" is developed by a group of authors: Svetlana Konstantinovna Tivikova, managing chair of an elementary education of the Nizhniy Novgorod Institute of Development of Education (NIDE), the senior lecturer, the candidate of pedagogical sciences; Tamara Yakovnevna Zheleznova, the senior lecturer of chair of pedagogics and a technique of elementary education NSPU, the candidate of pedagogical sciences; Nadezhda Nikolaevna Demenova, the senior lecturer of chair of pedagogics and a technique of elementary education NSPU, the candidate of pedagogical sciences; Natalya Yurievna Yashina, the senior teacher of chair of elementary education NIDE.

The educational-methodical complete set by civil education has received a positive estimation of regional Advisory council and NIDE's advisory council.

Regional rate for 1-2 classes three-year and 2-3 classes of a four-year-old elementary school. Educational area "Public disciplines".

The rate is created in 1997-99 with assistance of Department of education and a science of the Nizhniy Novgorod area, the Nizhniy Novgorod humanitarian center, the Nizhniy Novgorod institute of development of education.
The rate of civil education in initial classes is considered as a propaedeutic basis for studying a history in an elementary school and sciences about citizenship basically.

The rate creates conditions for primary socialization the child, his moral development, becoming of a spiritual basis and legal culture of the person. The important installation of him is education, on the one hand, feelings of love to the Fatherland, pride of the country, and with another - respect for culture of other peoples, tolerance, the benevolent attitude to other person and acceptance his such what he is, comprehension by children of concepts "advantage", "equality", "validity", "conscience", "honour", "freedom", etc.

The rate of civil education is included in system of training in an elementary school as its organic part and consequently has integrational character, under construction in view of intersubject communications with other subjects. It promotes realization of overall aims of an elementary education, is directed first of all on development of the person of the younger schoolboy, constructed in view of ideas of developing training and assumes differentiated and an individual approach to pupils during training, an opportunity of carrying out of diagnostics of their logic and figurative thinking, speech, reproductive and creative imagination. Close communication of a subject "civil education" with out-of-class work and family education that will allow to solve more purposefully problems of moral education of children, becoming of their outlook, occurrence in their consciousness of necessary valuable orientations is supposed.

The basic ideas of a rate of civil education for an elementary school on the Educational-methodical complete set "Ship" and "Firebird" are connected to self-determination of the child, revealing of sense of the role by him and the value, both in vital space, and in time. The person lives in space, and much can learn about other countries and peoples, about people living on the Earth simultaneously with him. The person exists in time and can learn much about the past, about a history of mankind, he aspires to glance and in the future.

On the first year of training at the rate of civil education the special attention is given the interconnected concepts: the Earth - inhabitants of the Earth, earthmen; the Native land, Fatherland, the state - the citizen of the country; Russia, the Russian; Moscow, Saint Petersburg, Nizhni Novgorod, a muscovite, a petersburger, The Nizhni Novgorod dweller, the city dweller, villages; family, a member of family (the son, the brother, the grandson, the nephew, the daughter, the sister, the grand daughter, the niece). Thus, the child feels itself in this or that role depending on that space which at present is considered as the house.

On the second year of training at the given rate and EMC "Firebird" the main thing for the child becomes comprehension of in time, sensation of a particle of the single whole staying on a joint of the past, the present and the future. The child realizes, that he is closely connected not only to people which live with him during one time, but also with those who was up to him and who will be the ambassador. And the problem of each person - to perceive itself the important component of all mankind which each representative should know and appreciate the sort, the roots, the past of people, notice similarity and distinction between people of the different countries, to see in this distinction an opportunity to understand and be surprised each other and to recognize a variety as the major condition of a life on our planet. In fact only memory, kindness and beauty help the person to remain the Person.

The purpose of civil education in an elementary school - creation of conditions for socializationof the growing person, for its ocurrence in a civil legal society through becoming of attitudes to the world and to itself in it.

Problems of a rate
Creation of conditions for becoming at children of valuable orientations on the basis of system of universal values
Education of the patriot of the country and the citizen of the world
Moral development of the child: his consciousnesses, feelings, behaviour
Formation of legal culture
Aesthetic development of the child, education of emotional - aesthetic responsiveness
Formation of the child as subject of educational activity
Development of skill of cooperation and interaction with adults and coevals
Formation of elements of creative activity and development creative
Development of figurative and logic thinking
Creation of conditions for purchase by the child of experience of knowledge of itself

The basic ideas, principles
And the methodological approaches sold
In a rate of civil education
In initial classes

In a rate of civil education the idea socialization persons is realized. It is important to organize process of mastering by the child of experience of a public life, to create conditions for active knowledge the younger schoolboy of the social validity surrounding him, for development of culture of human attitudes, the social norms necessary for interaction and cooperation with other people. The central part socialization is humanistic education of schoolboys with a support on universal values.
Civil education in initial classes bases on a principle of humanisation according to which the subject basis universal considers value of the person, human rights, his freedom and advantage. humanisation it is closely connected to realization of education focused on the person in an elementary school. It assumes creation of favorable conditions for disclosing and developments of abilities of the schoolboy, for his self-determination, turn of school to the child, respect and trust for him, construction of interaction with him on principles of cooperation.

The principle of a nonviolence focuss teachers on the nonviolent organization of pedagogical process at which main - it is not so much "introduction" of values, ideas in consciousness of the pupil, how many creation of conditions for their emotional residing, personal acceptance. It is necessary to solve also the problems connected to education at children of peaceful disposition, tolerances, skills to understand other people on the basis of denying violent methods of the resolution of conflicts. The principle of a nonviolence assumes development of ability to acceptance and understanding of other person, formation of the nonviolent attitude to the nature, to all alive.

The rate of civil education bases on ideas of cooperation according to which the joint, interconnected activity of pupils and the teachers is organized, constructed on democratic principles. Children study to cooperate with each other, with the teacher, parents and other adults. The pedagogics of cooperation is based on the activity approach, it considers the schoolboy as the subject of the various internally interconnected kinds of activity (educational, game, labour, socially useful). With the help of modern ways of activity and dialogue the child is included in such forms of activity in which he can master intrinsic human qualities.

In a rate of civil education ideas of developing training are realized. It is necessary to create at younger schoolboys of a zone of the nearest development who would turn in due course in required mental new formations.
At this age, in V.V.Davidov's opinion , the following new formations should arise and develop: educational activity and its subject, abstract - theoretical thinking, any management of behaviour.

Civil education of schoolboys provides integrity of pedagogical process, realization in unity of education and training, interrelation of an educational and nonlearning, school and out-of-school life of the child.
One of conducting principles of construction of the maintenance of a rate of civil education is culturological a principle. It is focused on familiarizing of pupils with achievements of spiritual culture of the different countries and peoples and comprehension of native culture as parts world. Such approach enables to compare to use of elements of regional geography, and teaches to appreciate on advantage, native.

Basis of formation of a complete image of the world is the integrational approach, an establishment of intersubject communications with other disciplines investigated in an elementary school. It strengthens developing opportunities of a rate of civil education.

Features of the maintenance of a rate of civil education
in initial classes

The program of a rate is constructed on the basis of a combination of all basic elements of the maintenance of education: knowledge, skills and skills, experience of creative activity and experience valuable orientations. Knowledge which are received by pupils at studying a rate, have the integrated character. They include concepts, terms, the facts and data on the nature, a society and the person. Thus the central place is borrowed{occupied} with the knowledge of the social science which practically has been not submitted in other subjects of an elementary education.

Specificity of a rate of civil education is determined by that in it the main thing, a conducting substantial element is experience valuable orientations, that is the emotional - sensual, spiritual attitude to the world and to each other. The rate of civil education promotes education of the moral, aesthetic, estimated - emotional attitude to the validity, creates conditions for occurrence at younger schoolboys of system of values and world outlook reference points.

Pupils can get and a certain experience of creative activity, and also the major social skills and the skills connected to interaction with coevals, the teacher, parents. Formed at younger schoolboys general-educational and creative skills are not specific, they have the over-subject character, and therefore offered by the pupil at lessons of civil education of the problem are constructed on the basis of communications with training to the letter, and also reading, natural study, mathematics, etc. The rate of civil education is under construction on the basis of a conditional - concentric principle. Four thematic blocks, that is the unit of the program in which universal values, such, as the Earth, Fatherland, family, work, knowledge, culture, the world are reflected, the person are allocated:

Fatherland. The native land. Russia.
Knowledge of the world.
Culture of different peoples.
Family and the person.

In 1 (2) class each thematic block is studied during one quarter and has the figurative name.

1-st a quarter. The house in which we live.
2-nd a quarter. In travel on the world.
3-rd a quarter. Far away.
4-th a quarter. I and my family.

In the Educational methodical complete set "Firebird" four thematic blocks corresponding to four educational quarters also are allocated:

Heat of the native center.
Above the Russian open spaces.
We live in the neighbourhood.
From the country of the childhood in the world of adults.

Inside the block (quarter) the pupil offers the separate themes substantially connected with each other. All of them reflect various sides of the given thematic unit. First the general question deducing on judgement of a theme as a whole is considered. And then follows more concrete material, allowing to give figurative and versatile representation about the separate parts of the whole making generalized concept. Thus, pupils learn concrete as unity in variety. This approach is characteristic for developing training.

Thematic planning

1 (2) CLASS

I quarter. The house in which we live

The Earth - the general house for all people- 2 hour long
Fatherland. Our Native land - Russia- 2 hour long
Moscow - capital of our Native land- 1 hour long
Saint Petersburg- 1 hour long
Nizhni Novgorod- 1 hour long
The Nizhniy Novgorod fair- 1 hour long
Exhibition roundabout. A generalizing lesson - holiday- 1 hour long
Total- 9 hour long

II quarter. In travel on the world

The sphere terrestrial is called as the world- 1 hour long
We open America. The United States of America- 2 hour long
Circulation for three seas. India- 1 hour long
Round-the-world travel- 1 hour long
Under the New Year's program- 1 hour long
Multi-coloured New Year's round dance the Generalizing lesson - holiday- 1 hour long
Total - 7 hour long

III quarter. Far away

On unknown pathes- 1 hour long
In severe northern territory- 2 hour long
Secrets of the old lock- 2 hour long
Under the hot sun of Black Africa- 2 hour long
There, where the sun ascends- 2 hour long
Fantastic travel. A generalizing lesson - holiday- 1 hour long
Total 10 hour long

IV quarter. I and my family

From distant wanderings having returned- 1 hour long
The world of family 2ч. I and my name- 2 hour long
My light, pocket mirror, tell- 2 hour long
Together - amicable family the Generalizing lesson - holiday- 1 hour long
Total 10 hour long

2 (3) CLASS

I quarter Warmly the native center

In searches of happiness- 1 hour long
Keeping the past- 1 hour long
World tree- 1 hour long
My family tree- 1 hour long
Our school family- 1 hour long
I - hope of Fatherland- 1 hour long
I hear a voice from fine it is far- 1 hour long
In a circle native and close- 1 hour long
That in heart it is carefully kept Generalizing lesson - excursion on "house - museum"- 1 hour long
Total 9 hour long

II quarter. Above the Russian open spaces

Fatherland old new, eternal- 1 hour long
Fatherland nice sons- 1 hour long
Our state - the Russian Federation- 1 hour long
Hundred peoples - one country- 1 hour long
Laws on which we live- 1 hour long
Without a holiday there is no people- 1 hour long
On a native land the Generalizing lesson - oral magazine- 1 hour long
Total 7 hour long

III quarter We live in the neighbourhood

We and our neighbours- 1 hour long
Stork on a roof- 2 hour long
At the amber sea- 2 hour long
In mountains of Caucasus- 2 hour long
Multi-colour paints of the East- 2 hour long
Festival meetings the Generalizing lesson - holiday- 1 hour long
Total 10 hour long

IV quarter. From the country of the childhood in the world of adults

I mature- 1 hour long
The mysterious world of knowledge- 2 hour long
It is time in way - road- 2 hour long
We invite in theatre- 1 hour long
Leisure - business serious- 1 hour long
Park of miracles and opening the Generalizing lesson - holiday- 1 hour long
Total 8 hour long

Features of a lesson of civil education in initial classes

Each thematic block is considered during a quarter according to the certain logic: the general representation about a theme - its concrete definition - generalization. Depending on function, a place and roles of a lesson inside the thematic block are allocated the following types of lessons: a lesson of introduction in a theme, a lesson of a deepening of a theme, a lesson of generalization of a theme.

Lessons of introduction in a theme plan prospect of its development at the subsequent lessons, give the general initial representation about a theme, frequently the philosophical, world outlook plan (for example, it is entered the concept "world" of different values of this word)

Introduction in a theme bases on three basic moments:
1) Revealing initial representations of children and understanding them of a theme;
2) Activization of social, vital and emotional experience of the child from this point of view a new problem (theme);
3) Creation of a search situation during which pupils, basing on an art - aesthetic material of a lesson and emotionally living it, realize the basic idea of a lesson and orientations of all thematic block leave on perspective lines of assignment main valuable.

Lessons of introduction in a theme are specific, that is caused by features of the maintenance of each thematic block, its place in the program, communication with previous and subsequent knowledge.

So, in I quarters two lessons of introduction in a theme. The first lesson "the Earth the general house for all people" is an introduction in the maintenance of all rate of civil education. Its purpose - comprehension by the child of as the person living on a planet the Earth. A lesson "Fatherland" our Native land - Russia "opens a theme" and is directed on comprehension by the citizen of the country learning

Lessons of a deepening of a theme make the majority in each quarter. At these lessons the basic ideas of a quarter and the general representation about a theme, received by pupils at lessons of introduction in a theme are concretized. Schoolboys address to various private aspects of a theme, consider its separate foreshortenings. So, in I to a quarter after introduction lessons acquaintance to cities of Russia and follows the "the small native land".

Children specially prepare for such lessons, come with the new impressions received at supervision over world around, acquaintance to art and popular scientific texts, in conversations with parents or other adults and etc.All this allows them to present and comprehend the main idea of a quarter in concrete images.

Lessons of generalization of a theme in a rate have game character, these are lessons - holidays. For example, in I quarters - "the Exhibition roundabout", in II quarter - "the Multi-coloured New Year's round dance". Game allows to create an emotional atmosphere, stimulates and makes active the emotional - moral experience of children saved up at lessons, fixes the received theoretical knowledge in direct activity. Children in an easy atmosphere, in a game situation natural to them show the understanding of a theme.

At lessons of generalization it is not given the new information, and already available knowledge and representations are only systematized. In the textbook for preparation of pupils for such lessons there are special game pages with problems and questions.

Lessons of generalization assume not only an establishment of substantial communications with the previous lessons, but also perspective communications with a theme of the following quarter. The maintenance and the organization of final lessons can vary depending on features of children, their interest a problem, from local conditions, regional features.

Structure of a lesson of civil education

Each lesson, irrespective of its type, should have the internal structure and logic. It is especially important to build emotional dramatic art of a lesson. As the rate of civil education assumes not so much introduction of the certain values and knowledge in consciousness of the child, how many the organization of conditions for their residing and assignment as bases of moral formation at a lesson creation of emotional perception of the child of contents of a lesson is essentially significant.

As the beginning emotional introduction in the world of a lesson, a concrete theme serves. It can be creation of an initial image with the help of emotional various means, and first of all means of art (music, painting, the literature, etc.). For example, art reading by the teacher of a fragment from a fairy tale, the story, a poem creating images, corresponding to a theme of a lesson. Further, on a course of a lesson, initial images develop and go deep on the basis of available at children and again received knowledge. It can be used both game, and problem questions, and problems interesting to children. For example, game by "Lips of the baby" (explain a word).

At each lesson the certain emotional - semantic culmination as its brightest top is supposed. It can be a parable or the poem read by the teacher or prepared pupils, representation of an exhibition of figures, sounding of a piece of music, a surprise which appears from stallkeeper, etc. The Culmination can be beforehand stipulated, but can arise unplanned during a lesson.Emotional integrity of a lesson which can be achieved with the help of a poetic or musical frame is important. Therefore its thought over end as a result of which the child still should have emotional image of a lesson is not less significant. For this purpose it is possible to use a proverb or the citation from a poem, in the concentrated kind generalizing all lesson (for example: "Where was born, there and was useful ", "I Love you, Peter creation!").

The lesson of civil education has no rigidly set structure.He, however, includes some obligatory components, the sequence and which parity can be various:
- Emotional introduction in the world of a lesson;
- An information part: reading of popular scientific texts, the story of the teacher, information interchange in pairs or groups, stories of children, work with the dictionary of the textbook, with articles of the General declaration of human rights, etc.;
- Reading art texts by the teacher or children, their discussion;
- Perception of visual lines, work with illustrations;
- Performance developing (intellectual and practical) problems which are resulted in a writing-book, the textbook or are offered by the teacher;
- Performance of communicative problems.
Thus, during carrying out of a lesson work is combined with the textbook, a writing-book, the message the teacher of data, his story and reading of texts, the organization of various kinds of activity of children (game, labour) within the framework of educational. Thus alternation of these elements, a variety of forms and methods of work, transition from an information part of a lesson to emotional - sensual and communicative, from game and is important for practical activities - to educational and on the contrary.

Flexibility of structure of a lesson which depends on specificity of an investigated theme, features of a class, presence of the necessary equipment and equipment of a lesson is important. The creative attitude of the teacher and to selection of a material of a lesson and its construction is supposed. But the most significant is the organization of the vigorous activity of younger schoolboys at a lesson, stimulation of their creativity; creation of the emotional attitude to a theme. A special role character of interaction of the teacher and plays also the pupils, taking into account a problem of becoming of younger schoolboys as subjects educational both other kinds of activity and based on respect for the child, on cooperation of children with the teacher and the friend the friend.

Skills which pupils should seize

To communicate with coevals and adult people in educational. Game, labour activity;
To cooperate with schoolmates during performance of creative problems;
To be benevolent, sustained, attentive, polite in dialogue with relatives, schoolmates, neighbours;
To use words of a greeting, gratitude, the invitation, an apology, farewell;
To use various sources of the information;
To make the message on the basis of a text and illustrative material;
To compare features of culture, tradition, customs, games, fairy tales of different peoples;
To make a choice of model of behaviour in a concrete situation;.

Textbooks to a rate "Civil education in initial classes"

The first year of training at the given rate is provided with the educational - methodical complete set "Ship". It includes:

The program of a rate;
The textbook "Ship" (1-st and 2-nd part);
Working writing-book for pupils (1-st and 2-nd part);
The methodical grant for teachers to the educational complete set "Ship" - "Civil education in initial classes" (1-st and 2-nd part).

The second year of training at the rate "Public disciplines" is provided with the educational - methodical complete set "Firebird".

The textbook "Firebird" (1-st and 2-nd part);
Working writing-book for pupils (1-st and 2-nd part);
The methodical grant for teachers to the educational complete set "Firebird" - "Lessons of civil education in initial classes" (1-st and 2-nd part);
Methodical recommendations for teachers "the Person and time".